Automatic pistol



May 30, 1933. w c. FLOYD AUTOMATIC PISTOL Filed Deo. l2 1952 5Sheets-Sheet l May 30, w33. w. c. FLOYD AUTOMATIC PISTOL s sheets-sheet2 Filed Dec. l2, 1952 May 30, i933. w. c. FLOYD AUTOMATIC PISTOL FiledDec. l2, l32 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 .mv .WWE

Gttornegs Patented May 30, 1933 PATENT@ WILLIAM o. FLOYD,onHAwKINsvILLE, caii'oaerIA` f AUTOMATIC PISTOL Application mea December12, 1932. serial No. 646,889.

improve the safety mechanism.

It is'within the province of the disclosure to improve generally andv toenhance the util-ity of devices of that type to which the inventionappertains. L

y f lVV'ith the above and other objects in'view,

which will appear as theV description prol 'ceeds,the invention' residesin the combination'and arrangement of partsV and in the details ofconstruction hereinafter described and claimed, itfbeing understood'thatchanges in the precise embodiment of the invention herein disclosed, maybe made within the scope of-what is claimed, without departing from thespirit of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. l shows in longitudinal section, a pistol constructed in accordancewith the invention, the parts being in the positions which they willassume when the pistol is about to be discharged, it being assumed thatthe shooter has not yet gripped ythe stock;

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but show.- ing the pistol at theinstant of firing, pressure being still exerted on the trigger and onthe grip Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but showing the breechblock retracted;

1 ig. 4 is a topplan view of thehead ofthe breech block;

Fig. 5 is a bottom plan of the head of the breech block;

Fig. Gis a longitudinal section showing a portionof the frame and thebarrel;

Fig. 7 is a section on the line7 7 of Fig. 3; Fig. 8 is a. sectionontheline 8-,8 of Fig. 1; 1 Fig, 9 is a section on the line 9 9 of Fig. l;Fig. 10 is a plan of the breech block, with some parts omitted;

F ig. 12- is an elevationshowing modifi-V cation.` Y v The pistol whichforms the subject matter of this application has some ofthe featuresmade known to the artin mylPatent 1,886,201,

granted on July 5,1932, and the present specication, therefore,maybe'sh-ortened and vcon-- Y f densed accordingly.

The frame of the piaci 's'lmarkei by the numeral 1, and includes a grip2 and a trigger.` 69V guard 8 at the forward end ofthe frame. The barrel4 is xed to the frame 1. and may be threaded therein.

` Figure 1 showsthat a'magazine 5 ish-slidablyV and removably mounted'inthe grip 2. 65 i' The magazine 5 'has a foot plate r6. "A latch 7is-slidable in the Vgrip 2 and -engagesa projection on the magazine 5,to lioldxthemaga.`

zine in place; -A spring-pressed thrustmember s is sudati@ inthe grip 2anaishld'in 7G i Y place for limited movement, by .a pin l'9 kkin thegrip. The' member 8'1bears against 1the foot plate 6 of the magazine 5,Vandstarts" the magazine for removal,"when the latch'7V v is operated topermit such a step. A followerv 10 in the magazine 5 raises thecartridges, the follower being actuated by a compression spring 11 inthemagazine. i

Figures 6 and 3 show that there isa compartment 12 in the upper part oftheframe 1. S0

The. compartment 12 extends entirelythroughV the frame from side toside,"the compartment 1 terminating-at its forward end-at the rear endof thebarrel 4, and the rear endof thecompartment being determined byaback piece 14 that forms part'of the frame 1. Thereis a holeV 15in theback piece 14. Figures-6 and 7 show that there are longitudinal guidegrooves-16 in the frame 1, at the outer sides f of the compartment 12.It appears inFigf 6 99 Y that there isl an upstanding shell-throwing pin17 on the frame 1, within the compartment 12, i ust back of thek upperend of lthemagazine 5. t Figiires v3', Gand 7 maybe reliedupon to showvthat the frame lcarries; an abutment .9 '18,'located about kmidwayAbetween fthe ends of the compartment 12, and extending .across thecompartment from topfto bottom:v The abutment 18 has an opening 19.

- Fig. 1111sv a section on the line 11-11 of 50 Fig. 1;v A bfeechbiock2o is ghastly mouflted'in 10.

Cil

the frame 1, andis shownpartially completod in Fig. 10. The breech block20-is a com posits structure. lt includes the head 21 of Figs. 4 and 5,which is mounted to slide, parallel to the asis of the barrel 4, in thecompartment 12 of the frame 1. Regarding the foregoing statement thatthe hea-d 21 of the breech block 2O slides parallel to `the axis of thebarrel 4, the reader should not be confused by the dotted line showingof the f head 21 of the breech block,` in Fig` 6.1 That showing has todo vvith the assembly ofthe breech block and associated parts, and maybe disregarded at this sta-ge of the description. The forward side.portion of the head 21 of the breech block20 carriesa pivotally mounted,spring-pressed extractor 22. Y

The head 21 of the breech block 20 has rearwardly extended parallel arms26, which straddle the abutment 18, as Fig. 7 will show. In thebottom ofthe head 21 of the breech block 20 (Fig, 5) `there is a firstlongitudinal groove 23, for the reception of the framecarriedshell-throwing pin 17 `of Fig. 6. In the edge of the head 21 of thebreech block 20 there is a `notch 29, having no function in theoperation of the pistol, considered as a firearm, but facilitating theassembly of the breech block 20, as will be pointed out hereinafter.'The notch29 opens `into the guide groove 23. In` the bottom ofthe head21.0fthe breech block 20, a secondgroove (Fig. 5) isformed, the saidgroove 24 being parallel tto; the groove 23. The groove 24 doesnotextend entirely through the head 21 of the` breech block, and thusthere is formed in the breech block, at the end of the groove 24, ashoulder 25 which, as shoWnin Fig. 3, cooperates with parts to bedescribed hereinafter. Y

The breech block 20 (Fig. 10) comprises a back piece 27, carrying a knob28 of` any desired construction, whereby the breech block 2O can beretracted, to oook the piece by hanch The forwardly-extended arms 30 ofthe baclcpicce 27 (Fig. 7) slide in the guide grooves 16 of the frame 1.The` forwardlyextended arms 30 of the back piece 27 overlap `therearwardly-extended, `recessed arms 26 `of the head 21 of the breechblock, the arms 26 and 30 being held together by oppositelyl disposedsecuring elements 31 (Fig. 7'), such as screws.

A cooking block 32 (Figs. 3 and 7) is dis;

posed tothe rear of the abutment member 18 ofthe frame 1. between thearms 30 of the back piece 27 of the breech block 20, and is locatedatthe rear ends of the arms26 of the head 21 of the breech block.Securing elements 33, such `as screws, attach the cooking block 32 tothe arms 30, and make the cocking block a part ofthe breechV block 20.

A sleeve 34 is engaged at its rear end with the cooking block 32 andslides in the opening 19 of the abutment. 18, the sleeve eX- 32 and inthe sleeve 34. The firing pin is slidabiy mounted, also, in the smallbore 36 of the head 21 of the breech block. The firing pin 37 isretracted With respect to the breech block,V through the instrumentalityof a` small compression spring 38 in the bore 36, and shown,` forexample, in Fig. `3. vThe firing pin 37 has a disk-like head 39, Whichengages the forward end of the sleeve 34. A compression spring 4()surrounds the sleeve 34, the forward end of the said spring` engagingthe head 21 of the breech block 20, With-` in thebore 35, and the rearend of the spring engaging the abutment 18 of the breech block. rillhemovement of the firing pin 37 is limited byV cross pin 41, shown in Fig.7, and eX- tended through a notch in the firing pin.`

i rEhe manner of assembling the breech block 2O may now be taken up, inconnection, With Figs. 6 and 7. y l

i The small spring 38 is placed in a small bore 36 of the head21 of thebreech block, and the heavier spring 40 is placedin the large bore 35 ofthe part 21. The head `21, in the dotted position'of Fig. 6, isintroduced endivise into the compartment 12 of the frame 1, and ispushed inwardly to place, the pin 17 ofV Fig. 6 entering the groove 23of Fig. 5 by rWay of thenotch 29, thearms 26 ofthe head 21 straddlingthe abutment 18;

` rlhe cooking block 32 is not yet in place, and,

therefore, the sleeve 34 and the firing pin 37 may be pushed forwardlyto place, ,through the hole 15 of the back piece 14. The .holdingelement 41 for the firing pin 37 is mounted inf the head 21 of thebreech block. y `The cooking block 32 is placed in the position of Fig.`7, against the rear ends of the arms26 of the head 21. `The arms 30 ofthe back piece 27 are slid forwardly into the grooves 13 (Fig. `6) ofthe frame 1, and lie outside of the arms 26 of the head 21. The securingelements 33 are inserted, to hold the cooking n block 32 on the arms 30of the back piece `27.

Thearms 30 of the back piece 27 are joined to thearms 26 of the head 21,by the securing elements 31.` The breech block 20 now is assembled andin place. i 1

il trigger 42 is disposed Within the trigger guard 3, and is pivoted at43 to the frame 1'. Theioyver end of the trigger 42 is swung forwardlyby a compression spring 44 (Fig. 2), housed Within the frame l andengaging the upper end of the` trigger. i

A loop-shaped link 45 (Fig. 11) extends `around the magazine 5 the linkprojecting into a large chamber 46 in the frame l, through a hole 47Vthat leads fromthe trigger guard 3 to the said chamber. The forward end'of the link-45 is pivoted at48 LtoA the trigger 42.--` i' y 'l The rearend of the link 45 is p ivoted "at 49 to a 'sear 50, in the form of abell 'crank lever, disposedv in the "chamber 46, and fulcrumed at'51 onthe frame 1. The movement of the sear '50 is limited by a pin 52,carried by the frame 1, and extended through an elongated slotrrinfthesear.v On its rear end, the sear has ani upwardly extended finger 54.t y4 'The finger 54 on the scar 50 'is adapted to cooperate with a shoulder55 onr aha-miner 56 that .is pivotedvat A57 onV the frame. 1,fthe hammerextending upwardly 'through an opening 85 in the vframe and into, thecompartment 12, to actuate the firing pin 37 Fig. 2). The upper part ofthe hammer 56 lies' inthe path ofthe cooking block 32 (Fig.Y 3)which'forms part of the slid'able bIe-cch'block-20. f Y Y The springmeans for operating the hammer 56 may/be of any desiredform. In thepresent embodiment of the invention, a'plung'-y er 58 is pivoted at 59to the hammer 56 and slides in an abutment 60 carried bythe frame 1, acompression spring 61 on the plunger-befY ing interposed between theabutment l60 and a shoulder. on the plunger. The numeral '62 designatesan angular Sear operator, disposed mostly inthe chamber 46, andmountedfor swinging movement on a pivot element 63 c'arriedbythe'frame 1. One end Yof the sear Voperator '62 extends'upwardly'througha slot 64m the frame'l, into the path lof the shoul-V der-'25 whichexists in theghead 21 of the breech block 20, atthe forward end of thegroove24, the said groove receiving the upper forward end ofthels'ea'roperator' 62. The rear lower end of the searV operator 62bears on the finger 54 of the sear 50, under the impulse of acompressionY spring'65` whichfis interposed between the frame 1 and theVrear end of the sear'opera'tor.

`Agplever 66, actuated' when the" grip `2 vv'is seized, is' fulcrumedat67 onthe grip, the upper end ofthe gripleverf66 being pivoted at 68 toaSaety slide-69, which, as shown in Fig. 9, l,has a slot 70 for asecuring 'element 71, byY which the 'safety slide ismovably connectedgtothe frame,V 1T; The/safety slide '69 is Y pushed backwardly,zandf thegrip lever 66 is swung rearwardlyfby Aa compression j spring `72,interposedv 'between theforwa-rd endlof theY safety slide and part ofther frame-1. In' the bottom of the forward end-of the ,sa-frei ty slide69 there isa recess 7 3, shwn inrFigs". 1; 2 and 3'. The safety slide 69is provided with'af lateral projection 74 (F ig. 9) which extends abovethe Vfingerv 54v of the sear' 50, when the safetyl slide; is retracted,and when the grip lever 66'is-swung'outwardly'by the action of thespring 72, as shown in Fig. 1 :A latch 75 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) forfthesafety slider69 is provided,xand.is fulcrumed at76",

intermediate its endsy on the frame 1. comi f i pressionspring 77 Visinterposed between'the to swing the bindend of the latch V75.' up intothe recess 73 of-'the safety-'slide 69,'and stop the forward movement ofkthe/safety slide, but, ordinarily, v"the latch'75 doesnnotfwork,

vin that way, because, when thefmagazine' i is in place, the magazineengagesthe forward end of the latclr'? 5 and tilts" the latch yuntil theback end'lof it is'out ofthe recess'73,and

out of the path of the slide 69, in its forward movement, as shown,forinstance, in .F ig.f2. i "It-is disclosed in Fig. 8 that'an indicatorleverA 78 is disposed alongside of the hammer 56, an indicator 79, 'inthe form of a button,

being secured to the rear end'ofthe lever 7 8, the indicator'v extendingoutwardly through a' hole 80 in the-side of the rame1.. The'in- 5dicator lever 78 is fulcrumed at 81, `at itsvfor# wardend, on the framel, for swingingmovement crosswise of the pistol. A compression spring 82is mounted between the frame 1 and the lever 78, and tends to swingthelever in= wardly against the side of the 'hammerf56;

Considering Fig. 1, the operatorseizes the grip 2 and swings the griplever 66"forward ly on its4 fulcrum 67,` the safety slide 69 beingcarried Vforwardly until the lateral projection 74 (Fig. 9) onthe safetyslide is clear ofthe finger 54 of the sear 50. This sets the sear 50.

free, so that the trigger 42 can be pulled'.

When the trigger 42 is pulled, the link45 'isf i carried backwardly, thebell crank sear ,50`is :5

tilted on itsfulcrum 51,'v and the finger '54 of the sear isdisengagedfrom the shoulder 55 `on the hammer`56,the upper end of the hamL merswinging forwardly under the impulse of the spring-actuated` plunger 58,the hammer striking thefiring pin 37'and moving thek ring vpinforwardly, the spring 38' being ,com-

C Y n pressed, and the iiring pin 37 exploding the cartridge Vshow-n inplace in the s hellchamber of-'the barrel 4 in Fig. 2. Y As the finger54 of the sear 50rises out of engagementlwith the shoulder 55 on thehammer 56, when the trigger 42'is pulled,the finger engages thevdependingrear endrof the sea'r operator 62, `and swings-the rear endofthe sear operator upwardly, the spring 65 being compressedasfthe searoperator .62 swingsfon its fulcruml63. '7

VVhen'the 'shell in the barrel" 4 explodes, the recoil carries theentire breech block 20"` rearwardly, and the extractor 22 withdraws theYexploded shell, brings the shell into con#r tact'withthe projection orframe pin 17 ofv Fig. 6, fand ejects vthe shell through the side of theforward portion of the 'compartment 12, the vforwardV portion of thecompartment 12 then being open, because the breech yblock hasbeencarried backwardly to the :position of Fig. 3, the return'spring 40 forthe breech block having been compressed, and the .back` part of theheadl 21 Aof the breech block com;-

ing into engagement with the abutment` 18 on `the frame l. 4 As thebreech block 20. moves rearwardly, the cooking block 82 engages thehammer 56 and swings the hammer back to cocked position, `as in Fig.. 8.The trigger 42having been released, the spring 65 swings the rear end ofthe sear operator 62 downwardly and tilts the sear 50 downwardly at itsrearend, the finger 54 being disposed inthe path of the shoulder 55 onthe hammer 56, this operation taking place during the time that thebreech block20 is moving rearwardly. VVhenthe breech block 2() movesrearwardly, the shoulder 25 on the head 21 Aof the breech block engagesthe upper endyof the sear operator G2, and holds the back end of thesear opera,- tor from swinging upwardly with respect to the finger 54 ofthe sear 50, it being thus impossible to pull the trigger 42 whilst thepistol is open.

Vhilstthebreech block 20 is retracted, as in Fig. 3, the spring 11(Fig. 1) acts` onthe follower 10 to raise a new shell (Fig. 8) out ofthemagazine 5, into the path of thehead 21 of the breech block, so that theshellv will be advanced into the shell chamber of the barrel 4, when thebreech blockmoves forwardly. The breech `block 21 moves forwardly to thepositionof Fig. l, responsive to the spring 40, shown compressed in Thecooking block 32 moves out of engagement with the hammer 56, and thehammer swings forwardly underthe actuation of the spring-pressed plunger58, from the position of Fig. 3 to the esition of F 1, the shoulder 55on the hammer engaging the finger54 of the sear 50, the hammer beingheld cocked. The pistol then is in condition to be fired again. Theforward movement of the breech block 20 carries the new shell from theposition of Fig.` 3, into the shell chamber of the barrel 4, as inFig. 1. Y

Then the operator releases his hold on the grip 2, he frees the griplever 66, and the grip lever swings backwardly on its fulcrum 67 underthe actuation of the safety slide 69, which, in its turn. is carriedbackwardly by the spring 72. As the safety slide 69,is carriedbackwardly bythe spring 72, the lateral projection or detent 74 (Fig. 9)on the slide 69 is carried above the finger 54 on the sear 50. The sear50, therefore, cannot be disengaged from the shoulder 55 of the hammer56, and the hammer is locked in cocked position, until such time as theoperator seizes the grip 2, swings the grip lever V66 forwardly, andadvances the safety slide 69` to a position in which the det-ent 74 ofthe `slide no longer is above and engaged with the finger 54 of the sear50.

Referring to Fig. 8 in connection with Fig. 1, it will be clear that asthe hammer 56 moves rearwardly to cocked position, it swings theindicator lever 7 8 outwardly at its rear end,

thereby causing the indicator 79 tostick out through the hole 8O in theframe 1, andthe operator, by sliding his hand over the side of thepistol, is admonished that the piece is cocked.` `When, however,` the`hammer 56 swings forwardly farenough, the spring 82 of'Fig. 84 swingsthe indicator lever 78 inwardly, thereby retracting the indicator 79 andtipping olf the `operator to the fact that the pistol is not cocked. v

Zine 5 is pulledout ofthe grip 2, the maga zine no longer engages thelatch 7 5 and holds the rear end of the latch belowand clear` of thesafety slide 69. With the magazine 5 removed, the back end of the latchis swung upwardly by the spring 77, into the recess 73 of the safetyslide 69. Therefore, although the operator may take hold of the grip 2and press on the grip lever 66, `he cannot advance the safety slide 69and move the detent 74 on the slide (Figs. 9 and l)l from' above thefinger 54,0f the sear 50. The result is that the pistolcannot bedischarged when the magazine 5 is withdrawn; The si `hts l88are carriedby the barrel 4 and lbythe rear part of the frame, andsince the barrelis fixed to the frame, both sights are fixed also. This construction hasmanifestadvantages over a construction in which one ofthe sights iscarried by a Vmovably mounted barrel. Y y

The device may be embodied in a `pistol of `the old-fashioned gripconstruction, as shown in Fig. 12. In that figure, parts hereinbeforedescribed have been designated by numerals hereinbefore used, `with thesuffix a. In this form of the invention, the magazine is not in the grip2a, but is in a magazine holder 84, formingpart of the frame, butlocated in advance of the trigger guard 3a. The inspection plate 86a isheld in place by securing elements that form supports for many of theworkin parts of the pistol, and may be taken off readily, carrying suchworking parts with it. The same is true of the inspection plate 86 ofFigs. 8 and 9.

y Having thus described the invention, what is claimedis:

1. A pistol comprisinga frame, a hammer movably mounted on the frame, abarrel fixed on the frame, a breech block mounted to reciprocate on .theframe, the breech .block forming an abutment for a cartridge in thebarrel, the breech block being rearwardly movable, responsive to therecoil of an exploding cartridge, to movethe breech block rearwardly,`the breech block engaging the hammer,as theubreech block movesrearwardly, thereby to cock the hammer, spring means for advancing thebreechblock, firing means carried bythe breech block and located betweenthe hammer and the barrel, a trigger movably mounted upon the frame, asear in the form of a bell crank lever fulcrumed Noting Fig. 1, forinstance, when the maga-f link pivoted to the trigger and to theVopposite v end of the -bell crank'sear, and a sear operator movablymounted on the frame and engaging the sear, to cause the sear to engagethe hammer and hold the hammer cocked, the sear operator extending intothe path of the breech block, whereby, when the breech block movesrearwardly, to cock the hammer, the bree'ch'block will act, through vthe instrumentality 'ofthe sear operator, to

hold the sear engaged withthe hammer.

2. The pistol of claim l, in combination with asupply magazine :for thebarrel, the magazine being removably mounted in the frame, between thetrigger and the Sear, the link extending transversely of the magazin-e,and being offset to clear the magazine.

3. A pistol comprising a frame, a hammer movably mounted on the frame, abarrel fixed upon the frame, a breech block mounted to reciprocate onthe frame, the breech'fblock forming an abutment for a cartridge in thebarrel, the breech block being rearwardly movable, responsive to therecoil .of an exploding cartridge, to move the breech block rearwardly,the breech block engaging the hammer, as the breech bloc-k movesrearwardly, thereby to cock the hammer, spring means for advancing thebreech block, firing means carried by the breech block and locatedbetween the hammer and the barrel, a trigger movably mounted upon theframe, sear means cooperating with the hammer, to hold the hammercocked, the sear means being operatively associated with the trigger, a

sear operator movably mounted on the frame and engaging the sear means,to cause the Sear means to engage the hammer and hold the hammer cocked,the sear operator eX- Ytending into the path of the breech block,

whereby, when the breech block moves rearwardly, to cock the hammer, thebreech block will act, through the instrumentality of the sear operator,to hold the sear engaged with the hammer. y Y

4. A pistol comprising` a frame, a hammer movably mounted on the frame,a barrel fixed' .upon the fra-me, a breech block mounted to reciprocateon the frame, the breech block forming an abutment for a cartridge inthebarrel, the breech block beingrearwardlyy movable, responsive to therecoil of an 'exploding cartridge, to move the, breech block srearwardly, the breech block engaging the hammer, as the breech blockmoves rearwardly, thereby to cock the hammer, spring means for advancingthe breech block, iiring means carried by the breech block and locatedbetween the hammer and the barrel, a trigger movably mounted on theframe, sear means associated with the trigger and engaging the hammer,to hold the hammer cocked, a sear operator movably mounted on the frameand engagingv the sear-` means,y to

cause the sear means to engage the hammer `block will act, through theinstrumentality of the sear operator, to hold-the sear means engagedwith the hammer, a safety slide mounted to reciprocate on the frame,spring means for retracting the safety slide vto cause the safety slideto cooperatewith the sear means and hold the scar means engaged with thehammer, and mechanism for advancing the safety slide todisengage it fromthe searr means, said mechanism being a grip lever pivoted at its upperend to the safety slide, and pivoted at its ylower end to the gripportion of the frame. v

5. A pistol constructed as set forth in claim 4, in combination with amagazine removably mounted in the frame, a latch movably mounted on theframe and held out of engagement with the safety slide, by engagementwith the magazine, when the magazine is in place, andv means foroperating the latch,

when the magazine is removed, to cause the l Vbreech block comprisingforward and rear parts having overlapped, o'ppositely-extended arms,which are detachably secured together,

the arms of the forward part of the breech block straddling'theabutment, and the arms e c 105 ofthe rear part of the breechblockfbeingl slidably mounted on the frame, a compression springinterposed between theabutment; Yand the forward part of the breechblock,

anda ring pin slidablein the breechk block, the rear part of the framehaving an open- Y serted in to fthe breech block. Y A y 7. A pistolconstructed as set forth' in claim soy ing with the hammer, the cookingblock being f mountedbetweenthe arms of the rear part of thebreechblock. Y

In testimony that IA claim the foregoing as my own, Ihave heretoa'lixedmy signature. Y

WILLIAM C. FLOYD.

ing through'which the ring pin can beinfj

